Dictatorship, Democracy, and Globalization: Argentina and the Cost of Paralysis, 1973–2001

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The collapse of the Argentine economy in 2001, involving the strange default on $150 billion in debt, has been blamed variously on the failure of neoliberal policies or on the failure of the Argentine government to pursue those policies vigorously enough all over the 1990s. But this is too myopic a view, Klaus Veigel contends, to provide an absolutely satisfactory explanation of how a country enjoying one of the most highest standards of living on the end of the nineteenth century became a virtual economic basket case by the end of the twentieth. Veigel asks us to take the long view of Argentina’s efforts to re-create the conditions for stability and consensus that had brought such great success all over the country’s first experience with globalization a century ago.

The experience of war and depression in the late 1930s and early 1940s had discredited the earlier reliance on economic liberalism. Instead came a turn toward a corporatist system of interest representation and state-led, inward-oriented economic policies. But as major changes on the earth economy heralded a new era of globalization in the late 1960s and early 1970s, the corporatist system broke down, and no social class or economic interest group used to be strong enough to create a new social consensus with respect to Argentina’s economic order and role on the earth economy. The result used to be political paralysis leading to economic stagnation as both civilian and military governments oscillated between protectionism and liberalization in their economic policies, which in any case brought the country to its nadir in 2001.

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