Globalization and the Perceptions of American Workers

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Description

Quite a few recent events in the US attest to a “globalization backlash” in opposition to continued liberalization of trade, foreign direct investment, and immigration. This backlash has been commonly characterized as reflecting the interests of small groups whose diverse agendas have very little connection, if any, to the economic consequences of policy liberalization.The authors of this book argue that this characterization is incorrect. The backlash reflects widespread skepticism among US citizens about globalization, and these perceptions appear to be closely connected to the labor-market pressures that globalization may be imparting on US workers.

The empirical case for the book’s argument is based on three key findings. First, quite a lot of public opinion surveys indicates that US citizens recognize both the costs and benefits of integration with the world economy, but they generally tend to weigh the costs more than the benefits. Second, these policy preferences cut most strongly across labor-market skills. Less-skilled workers are much more likely to oppose freer trade and immigration than their more-skilled counterparts. Third, this skills-preferences gap may reflect very different wage-growth levels across skill groups in the US labor market since the early 1970s. Less-skilled US workers―a group that still constitutes the majority of the US labor force―have had close to zero or even negative real wage growth and have also seen sharp declines in their wages relative to more-skilled workers.At the same time as concerns about the affect of globalization on the environment, human rights, and other issues are crucial a part of the politics of globalization, it is the link between policy liberalization, worker interests, and individual opinions that forms the foundation for the backlash against liberalization in the US.

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