Description
Winner, Book Award, Association of Latin American Art, 2004
Reacting to the rising numbers of mixed-blood (Spanish-Indian-Black African) people in its New Spain colony, the eighteenth-century Bourbon government of Spain attempted to categorize and regulate its colonial subjects through increasing social regulation in their bodies and the spaces they inhabited. The discourse of calidad (status) and raza (lineage) on which the regulations were based also found expression within the visual culture of New Spain, particularly within the unique genre of casta paintings, which purported to portray discrete categories of mixed-blood plebeians.
Using an interdisciplinary approach that also considers legal, literary, and spiritual documents of the period, Magali Carrera specializes in eighteenth-century portraiture and casta paintings to keep in mind how the people and spaces of New Spain were conceptualized and visualized. She explains how these visual practices emphasized a seeming realism that constructed colonial bodies—elite and non-elite—as knowable and visible. On the same time, then again, she argues that the chaotic specificity of the lives and lived conditions in eighteenth-century New Spain belied the semblance of social orderliness and totality narrated in its visual art. In the end, she concludes, the inherent ambiguity of the colonial body and its spaces brought chaos to all dreams of order.